Condition

Urinary tract infections and interstitial nephritis

Clinical trials and treatment information for Urinary tract infections and interstitial nephritis

8.6M

People Affected

150

Active Trials

856K

New Cases/Year

300K

Deaths/Year

Treatment Rankings

Ranked by evidence volume first. Medicine has spent centuries ranking things by vibes. This is an improvement.

Nitrofurantoin

92% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 70% Safety• 1 trials• 75K participants

HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 100 mg twice daily

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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️

Meth💀

Cigarettes🚬

Chemo☢️

Alcohol🍺

Morphine💊

Antibiotics💉

Tylenol💊

Exercise🏃

Water💧

DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

1-2 days

Duration

5-7 days

Response Rate

90%

Remission Rate

85%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

Common Side Effects:

Nausea: 9%

Headache: 5%

Diarrhea: 5%

Urine discoloration: 100%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$20

Monitoring

$600

Side Effects

Total Annual

$625

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

Cost per Remission

$29

Cost per Responder

$28

Treatment Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Urine Colony Count>= 10^5 CFU/mL

-99.9% (reduction to < 10^3 CFU/mL)

Dysuria Severity (0-10 scale)7/10

-71.4% (-5 points)

Urinary Frequency Severity (0-10 scale)6/10

-66.7% (-4 points)

Urinary Urgency Severity (0-10 scale)6/10

-66.7% (-4 points)

Secondary Benefits

Overall UTI Symptom Score (0-30 scale)20/30

-75% (-15 points)

Health-Related Quality of Life (SF-12 Physical Component Score)35 points

+20% (+7 points)

Common Side Effects

Nausea

+9%

Headache

+5%

Diarrhea

+5%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

88% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 70% Safety• 1 trials• 60K participants

HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 160mg/800mg (DS) twice daily

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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️

Meth💀

Cigarettes🚬

Chemo☢️

Alcohol🍺

Morphine💊

Antibiotics💉

Tylenol💊

Exercise🏃

Water💧

DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

1-2 days

Duration

3 days

Response Rate

85%

Remission Rate

80%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

Common Side Effects:

Nausea/vomiting: 8%

Skin rash: 4%

Diarrhea: 3%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$15

Monitoring

$600

Side Effects

Total Annual

$620

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

Cost per Remission

$25

Cost per Responder

$24

Treatment Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Urinary Tract Infection Symptom Score7/10 (composite scale for dysuria, frequency, urgency)

-70% (-4.9 points)

Urine Bacterial Load>10^5 CFU/mL

-99.9% (To <10^3 CFU/mL (negative))

Urine Leukocyte Count (Pyuria)>10 WBC/HPF

-90% (To <5 WBC/HPF)

Serum Creatinine (for infection-related interstitial nephritis)2.5 mg/dL

-40% (-1.0 mg/dL)

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) (for infection-related interstitial nephritis)30 mL/min/1.73m^2

+50% (+15 mL/min/1.73m^2)

C-reactive Protein (CRP) (for infection-related interstitial nephritis)50 mg/L

-70% (-35 mg/L)

Secondary Benefits

Systemic Symptom Score (for UTI, e.g., fever, malaise)4/10

-80% (-3.2 points)

Urinary Tract Infection-Specific Quality of Life (UTI-QoL) Score40/100

+30% (+12 points)

Urine Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio (for infection-related interstitial nephritis)1.5 g/g

-50% (-0.75 g/g)

Common Side Effects

Nausea/vomiting

+8%

Skin rash

+4%

Diarrhea

+3%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4

Fosfomycin

87% Effectiveness• 85% Confidence• 70% Safety• 150 trials• 20K participants

MODERATE EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 3g single dose

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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️

Meth💀

Cigarettes🚬

Chemo☢️

Alcohol🍺

Morphine💊

Antibiotics💉

Tylenol💊

Exercise🏃

Water💧

DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

1-2 days

Duration

single dose

Response Rate

85%

Remission Rate

78%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

Common Side Effects:

Diarrhea: 7%

Nausea: 3%

Headache: 2%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$45

Monitoring

$600

Side Effects

Total Annual

$647

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

Cost per Remission

$60

Cost per Responder

$55

Treatment Outcomes

Efficacy Outcomes

Overall Effectiveness

+87%

Response Rate

+85%

Remission Rate

+78%

Common Side Effects

Diarrhea

+7%

Nausea

+3%

Headache

+2%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4

Cefalexin

86% Effectiveness• 88% Confidence• 70% Safety• 300 trials• 40K participants

HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 250-500 mg every 6-12 hours

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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️

Meth💀

Cigarettes🚬

Chemo☢️

Alcohol🍺

Morphine💊

Antibiotics💉

Tylenol💊

Exercise🏃

Water💧

DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

1-2 days

Duration

5-7 days

Response Rate

85%

Remission Rate

78%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

Common Side Effects:

Diarrhea: 4%

Nausea/vomiting: 3%

Rash: 2%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$25

Monitoring

$600

Side Effects

Total Annual

$630

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

Cost per Remission

$38

Cost per Responder

$35

Treatment Outcomes

Efficacy Outcomes

Overall Effectiveness

+86%

Response Rate

+85%

Remission Rate

+78%

Common Side Effects

Diarrhea

+4%

Nausea/vomiting

+3%

Rash

+2%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4

Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisone)

75% Effectiveness• 85% Confidence• 50% Safety• 100 trials• 15K participants

MODERATE EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 0.5-1 mg/kg/day initially, tapered

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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️

Meth💀

Cigarettes🚬

Chemo☢️

Alcohol🍺

Morphine💊

Antibiotics💉

Tylenol💊

Exercise🏃

Water💧

DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

1-2 weeks

Duration

4-12 weeks, with taper

Response Rate

70%

Remission Rate

55%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

Common Side Effects:

Insomnia: 40%

Hyperglycemia: 15%

Fluid retention: 15%

Mood changes: 12%

Increased appetite: 20%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$75

Monitoring

$350

Side Effects

$275

Total Annual

$700

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

Cost per Remission

$1,273

Cost per Responder

$1,000

Treatment Outcomes

Efficacy Outcomes

Overall Effectiveness

+75%

Response Rate

+70%

Remission Rate

+55%

Common Side Effects

Insomnia

+40%

Hyperglycemia

+15%

Fluid retention

+15%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4