Booting Earth Optimization System
Thank you for your patience. Your civilization is very important to us.
Thank you for your patience. Your civilization is very important to us.
We've compared 3 years of healthcare data from 178 countries and other public spending from 30 countries to build a budget with one goal: maximize median health and wealth.
341,784,857 residents · World Bank 2025 estimate
Annual public spending
$7.14T
$20,876 per resident · national and local government
Healthcare compares 178 countries worldwide; other spending uses 30 European countries. 2017–2019 costs, in 2021 purchasing-power-adjusted dollars.
Healthcare selects the cheapest system within 1 healthy year of the best observed outcome worldwide. Education targets basic maths proficiency. Other categories select countries meeting both health and income targets.
National targets: 71.16 healthy years and 22,435 PPS in median disposable income. The default uses at least three countries meeting both targets.
Each annual amount equals the selected country’s public cost per resident × your population. The calculation assumes its system can be adopted and combined with the other selected systems.
Health uses WHO average healthy life expectancy. Income is Eurostat’s 2019 median equivalised disposable income in PPS. These are observed outcomes in the reference countries.
The healthcare budget uses government health accounts, including research and investment. The comparison below uses total recurring care costs, including private bills, to choose a system. Its care-cost figures have a different accounting boundary and are not added to the public budget.
Using the three cheapest qualifying alternatives where available gives $20,010–$49,621 in public spending per resident. This is an alternative-country range.
Service breakdowns show how each reference country divides its budget. Research and investment are included in the category totals.
Bars show annual spending per resident in 2021 purchasing-power-adjusted dollars.
Comparable observed spending is unavailable for United States.
$1.25T
17.5% of budget
Switzerland
Switzerland spending breakdown · per resident
Healthy life expectancy: 71.37 (target 71.16). years (WHO HALE, population average).
Median disposable income: 27,268 (target 22,435.4). 2019 PPS per equivalised person (Eurostat EU-SILC).
Switzerland: $3,660 public spending per resident.
Iceland: $5,425 public spending per resident.
Luxembourg: $6,760 public spending per resident.
$26.04B
0.4% of budget
Iceland
Iceland spending breakdown · per resident
Healthy life expectancy: 71.33 (target 71.16). years (WHO HALE, population average).
Median disposable income: 23,621 (target 22,435.4). 2019 PPS per equivalised person (Eurostat EU-SILC).
Iceland: $76 public spending per resident.
Luxembourg: $498 public spending per resident.
Switzerland: $635 public spending per resident.
$313.63B
4.4% of budget
Iceland
Iceland spending breakdown · per resident
Healthy life expectancy: 71.33 (target 71.16). years (WHO HALE, population average).
Median disposable income: 23,621 (target 22,435.4). 2019 PPS per equivalised person (Eurostat EU-SILC).
Iceland: $918 public spending per resident.
Switzerland: $1,312 public spending per resident.
Luxembourg: $1,479 public spending per resident.
$1.05T
14.7% of budget
Switzerland
Switzerland spending breakdown · per resident
Healthy life expectancy: 71.37 (target 71.16). years (WHO HALE, population average).
Median disposable income: 27,268 (target 22,435.4). 2019 PPS per equivalised person (Eurostat EU-SILC).
Switzerland: $3,064 public spending per resident.
Iceland: $3,258 public spending per resident.
Luxembourg: $6,974 public spending per resident.
$142.82B
2.0% of budget
Iceland
Iceland spending breakdown · per resident
Healthy life expectancy: 71.33 (target 71.16). years (WHO HALE, population average).
Median disposable income: 23,621 (target 22,435.4). 2019 PPS per equivalised person (Eurostat EU-SILC).
Iceland: $418 public spending per resident.
Switzerland: $454 public spending per resident.
Luxembourg: $1,144 public spending per resident.
$51.97B
0.7% of budget
Switzerland
Switzerland spending breakdown · per resident
Healthy life expectancy: 71.37 (target 71.16). years (WHO HALE, population average).
Median disposable income: 27,268 (target 22,435.4). 2019 PPS per equivalised person (Eurostat EU-SILC).
Switzerland: $152 public spending per resident.
Iceland: $412 public spending per resident.
Luxembourg: $728 public spending per resident.
$1.17T
16.3% of budget
Japan
Japan spending breakdown · per resident
Healthy life expectancy: 73.48 (target 72.52). years (WHO HALE, population average).
Japan: $3,413 public spending per resident; $4,959 total healthcare cost.
Singapore: $2,547 public spending per resident; $5,119 total healthcare cost.
$282.73B
4.0% of budget
Switzerland
Switzerland spending breakdown · per resident
Healthy life expectancy: 71.37 (target 71.16). years (WHO HALE, population average).
Median disposable income: 27,268 (target 22,435.4). 2019 PPS per equivalised person (Eurostat EU-SILC).
Switzerland: $827 public spending per resident.
Luxembourg: $1,646 public spending per resident.
Iceland: $1,977 public spending per resident.
$612.28B
8.6% of budget
Poland
Poland spending breakdown · per resident
Students reaching basic maths proficiency: 85.3 (target 83.72). % of 15-year-olds (PISA 2018, Level 2+).
Poland: $1,791 public spending per resident.
Estonia: $2,402 public spending per resident.
Ireland: $2,793 public spending per resident.
$2.24T
31.4% of budget
Iceland
Iceland spending breakdown · per resident
Healthy life expectancy: 71.33 (target 71.16). years (WHO HALE, population average).
Median disposable income: 23,621 (target 22,435.4). 2019 PPS per equivalised person (Eurostat EU-SILC).
Iceland: $6,557 public spending per resident.
Switzerland: $10,375 public spending per resident.
Luxembourg: $23,717 public spending per resident.
178 countries · 2017–2019 · public and private costs combined
Japan
73.48 healthy years · $4,959 total cost per resident
Lowest total cost meeting 72.52 healthy years; best observed: 73.52.
Healthy life expectancy (years)
| Country | Healthy years | Total care / resident | Public care / resident |
|---|---|---|---|
| South Korea | 72.22 | $3,517 | $1,993 |
| Spain | 71.49 | $4,208 | $2,919 |
| Japan · selected | 73.48 | $4,959 | $4,164 |
| Singapore | 73.52 | $5,119 | $2,566 |
| United States | 66.02 | $11,210 | $5,786 |
Public insurance covers the population. A national fee schedule sets reimbursement prices across insurance plans and providers.
High-cost medical benefits cap household copayments according to income and age, with extra protection for repeated expensive treatment.
The 2018 fee revision rewarded prescriptions using generic names and discouraged pharmacies with very low generic substitution.
2017: Japan; target 72.37 healthy years.
2018: Singapore; target 72.50 healthy years.
2019: Japan; target 72.80 healthy years.
WHO healthy life expectancy is average expected healthy years. It measures national health, including influences outside healthcare. The frontier compares observed systems; it does not isolate the effect of their policies.
This comparison uses recurring healthcare costs. The budget above uses government health expenditure, including research and investment, under the same classification as the other budget lines. It is a different accounting boundary: these care costs are not added again.
Budget source: OECD national accounts; general government total expenditure, including capital and health R&D.
Private spending includes voluntary insurance and out-of-pocket payments. External funding is shown separately. The financing split follows WHO domestic funding definitions; OECD compulsory-financing shares can use a different boundary.
Mean annual WHO lower and upper estimates: 72.74–74.36 years. These are averaged source bounds, not a confidence interval for the three-year mean or for adopting the system.
Policy dates: Universal insurance dates to 1961; this ministry-hosted account predates the 2017–2019 comparison. Described in the 2019 ministry report; its insurance-system table is dated April 2020. No current thresholds are assumed. The 2018 revision occurred during the comparison period; its separate effect on national outcomes is not estimated.